Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm saffron Extract: Ib qho kev daws teeb meem rau kev poob phaus thiab lub siab zoo

1.Hais txog Saffron extract

Cov khoom yog muab rho tawm los ntawm sab sauv ntawm cov style thiab stigma ntawm Crocus sativus L., ib tug iris cog. Cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb muaj xws li picrocrocin, carotene compounds, safflower aldehyde, eucalyptol, pinene thiab lwm yam tshuaj, thiab kuj muaj ib tug me me ntawm Isorhamnetin, kaempferol, vitamin B1 thiab vitamin B2, thiab lwm yam. Saffron extract yog ib tug haib scavenger ntawm hydroxyl dawb radicals thiab superoxide. dawb radicals. Nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv oxidation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, txhim kho mitochondrial muaj nuj nqi, inhibit optic paj hlwb apoptosis, txhim kho microcirculation, txhim kho kev tiv thaiv, tiv thaiv arteriosclerosis, thiab tiv thaiv oxidation. Nws muaj cov haujlwm ntawm kev txo qis cov ntshav lipids, txhawb choleretics thiab tiv thaiv daim siab, tiv thaiv thiab kho pob txha, thiab tiv thaiv raum.

Qhov chaw cog

2. Nroj tsuag keeb kwm

Cov hauv paus ntsiab lus] Nws yog ib feem ntawm cov style thiab stigma ntawm iris cog Crocus sativus L.

【Alias】 Crocus, saffron.

[Kev faib tawm] Muaj me me ntawm kev sim cog qoob loo hauv Beijing, Shanghai, Shandong, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Xinjiang, thiab lwm yam hauv Suav teb, thiab nws tau cog rau txawv teb chaws hauv Spain, Iran, Ltalis, Lub teb chaws Yelemees, Fabkis, Greece, Austria, lub yav dhau los Soviet Union thiab Nyiv.

【Plant Form】 Perennial tshuaj ntsuab. Cov qhov muag teev hauv av yog spherical thiab them nrog xim av membranous nplai nplooj. Muaj 9 mus rau 15 nplooj, zus los ntawm qhov muag teev, sessile, nqaim thiab linear, 15 mus rau 20 cm ntev thiab 2 mus rau 3 cm dav. Cov nplooj ntawm nplooj yog rov ua dua thiab zoo nkauj plaub hau, thiab lub hauv paus yog ncig los ntawm 4 mus rau 5 qhov nplai. . Paj terminal, 2.5-3 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb; perianth 6-thooj, obovate, lavender, paj raj 4-6 cm ntev, nyias tube-puab, 3 stamens, loj anthers, xub-puab puag, 3 pistils, connate carpels, lub zes qe menyuam yog qis, style yog slender, daj. , sab saum toj muaj peb qhov sib sib zog nqus lobes, nthuav tawm ntawm lub paj raj, poob, tsaus liab, sab saum toj ntawm stigma yog me ntsis loj, nrog rau qhib nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm ib tug funnel. Lub capsule yog elongated, nrog peb blunt npoo, txog 3 cm ntev thiab 1.5 cm dav. Nws ncav cuag hauv av thaum cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog mature. Cov noob muaj ntau, spherical, thiab cov noob txheej yog textured. Flowering lub sij hawm los ntawm thaum ntxov mus rau nruab nrab-Kaum Ib Hlis

3.Tshuaj Kex

1). Volatile roj Cov roj tsis hloov pauv hauv cov tshuaj tua kab mob (stigma) ntawm saffron corolla yog tsim los ntawm degradation ntawm carotenes xws li zeaxanthin thiab muaj cov qauv tshwj xeeb. Nws yog tsuas yog safranal nyob rau hauv trimethylcycloethylene derivatives, accounting rau 50% ntawm tag nrho cov volatile roj. 72%. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb tau txheeb xyuas 46 lub tebchaw los ntawm saffron volatile roj, suav txog 90.99% ntawm tag nrho cov roj tsis hloov pauv. Ntawm lawv, 5 ketone tebchaw suav nrog 6.16%, 5 aldehyde tebchaw suav txog 2.39%, 6 cawv sib txuas suav nrog 4.98%, 6 acids suav nrog 19.77%, 8 olefin tebchaw suav txog 36.42%, thiab olefin oxides 2 lub tebchaw suav nrog. 5.74%, 8 alkane tebchaw suav rau 12.5%, 2 ester tebchaw suav txog 0.48%, thiab 4 lwm cov tebchaw suav txog 2.55%. Ntawm cov roj tsis hloov pauv ntawm saffron, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog olefins thiab olefin oxides, uas yog terpenoid compounds. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov uas muaj cov ntsiab lus siab yog cov acids.

2). Flavonoids Flavonoids feem ntau yog muab faib rau hauv perianth ntawm saffron. Feem ntau suav nrog vetch glycoside, quercetin-3-p-coumaroylglucoside, kaempferol-3-glucose-6-acetylglucoside thiab Kaempferol-3-glucose-glucoside, delphinidin, trimethyldelphinidin, thiab lwm yam.

3). Volatile roj precursors. Ib feem ntawm cov roj tsis hloov pauv ua ntej tsim los ntawm kev sib txawv degradation thaum lub sijhawm ziab thiab khaws cia ntawm saffron stigmas yog glycoside compounds ntawm trimethylcyclohexene derivatives, feem ntau suav nrog crocin thiab lwm yam. Crocein yog lub ntsiab lus iab hauv saffron. Nws tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv safranal nyob rau hauv acidic los yog alkaline tej yam kev mob los yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm enzymes. Qhov no kuj yog vim li cas vim li cas cov ntsiab lus safranal hauv ntau hom sib txawv.

4). Conjugated polyenes thiab lawv glycosides Conjugated polyenes thiab lawv glycosides yog cov xim tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuaj suav tshuaj saffron. Nws feem ntau suav nrog ob pawg hauv qab no: (1) Carotenoids thiab lawv cov glycosides Crocetin yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm carotenoids thiab lawv glycosides. Xws li cov carotenoid crocetin thiab nws cov glycosides, xws li gentiobioside, glucoside, digentisic acid glycoside, gentioglucoside thiab diglucoside; B-crocetin, C-crocetin, thiab lwm yam. (2) Carotene feem ntau suav nrog A thiab B-carotene, xws li lycopene thiab zeaxanthin.

5). Lwm qhov tshwj xeeb suav nrog phenols, chitinase, triterpene saponins thiab steroidal saponins.

4 Ibharmacological kev txiav txim

1). Cov nyhuv ntawm lub tsev menyuam Saffron extract muaj qhov zoo siab rau ob qho tib si ntawm lub tsev menyuam thiab hauv vivo uterus ntawm nas, guinea npua, luav, dev thiab miv. Lub cev xeeb tub yog rhiab heev; Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev siv ntau yam safranin extracts yog: decoction> ethanol extract> volatile Cheebtsam> ether extract. Cov nyhuv ntawm uterine excitement tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ib nrab los ntawm ergotamine ethanesulfonate, uas tsis hnov ​​​​tsw rau atropine. Yog li ntawd, nws ntseeg tau hais tias ib feem ntawm cov nyhuv ntawm lub tsev menyuam yog ib qho kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau uterine myocytes, thiab ib feem cuam tshuam nrog adrenergic receptors.

2). Cov nyhuv ntawm cov hlab ntsha Saffron extract tuaj yeem txo cov ntshav siab ntawm cov tshuaj loog rau cov dev thiab miv rau lub sijhawm ntev thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev ua pa. Thaum txo cov ntshav siab, lub raum ntim qis, qhia tias lub raum vasoconstriction, thiab tseem muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov hlab ntsha ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Nws muaj cov nyhuv inhibitory tseem ceeb ntawm lub plawv toad cais. Raws li kev tshuaj xyuas tshuaj, cov khoom uas cuam tshuam lub plawv muaj feem xyuam nrog cov ntsev ntsev. Yog li ntawd, yav tom ntej pharmacological kev tshawb fawb ntawm saffron yuav tsum xub tshem tawm cov poov tshuaj ntsev.

3). Anti-tumor effect Saffron npaj muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv qog thiab tiv thaiv qog noj ntshav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog saffron extract (dimethylcrocetin) ntawm leukemia, qog noj ntshav ntawm zes qe menyuam, mob qog noj ntshav, rhabdomyosarcoma, mob qog noj ntshav, papillosarcoma, thiab cov qog nqaij hlav hauv hlwb thiab cov nqaij mos mos, thiab lwm yam. tag nrho cov muaj zog inhibitory teebmeem. Nws cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv kabmob kheesxaws tuaj yeem ua kom puas DNA synthase system, uas yog, txhawm rau rhuav tshem DNA-protein tiv tauj cov neeg nruab nrab xws li topoisomerase II uas tseem ceeb rau cellular DNA synthesis, yog li inhibiting synthesis ntawm DNA thiab RNA, yog li inhibiting kev loj hlob. ntawm qog hlwb. nyhuv. Tsis tas li ntawd, crocins tseem inhibit qhov kev ua ntawm cellular protein kinases thiab kev qhia ntawm proto-oncogenes.

4). Cov nyhuv ntawm daim siab thiab gallbladder Saffron extract muaj cov nyhuv choleretic, thiab nws cov khoom xyaw nquag yog α-crocetin sodium ntsev thiab crocetin ester. α-Saffron acid tuaj yeem txo cov roj cholesterol thiab nce cov roj metabolism. Nws tuaj yeem siv nrog cov tshuaj suav tshuaj xws li hawthorn, cassia, thiab Alisma los kho lub siab rog.

5). Antioxidant nyhuv Saffron extract, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog crocin, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov haujlwm ntawm oxygen dawb radicals thiab xanthine oxidase, qhia txog kev ua haujlwm antioxidant lom.

6). Tiv thaiv lub raum. Los ntawm kev kawm tus nas C-BSA nephritis qauv, nws tau pom tias proteinuria thiab lub raum pathological puas tau txo qis hauv nas hauv pawg sim. Ntawm lawv, saffron feem ntau inhibits cyclooxygenase thiab txo cov synthesis ntawm prostaglandins, yog li unblocking lub raum capillaries, ua kom ntshav txaus, thiab txhawb kev kho ntawm inflammatory kev puas tsuaj. Nws tau pom zoo tias saffron tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub raum o los ntawm kev txhim kho kev tso tawm ntawm platelets thiab inflammatory mediators.

7). Kev cuam tshuam hauv arrhythmia Crocemic acid, cov khoom muaj nyob hauv saffron extract, muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov qauv ventricular arrhythmia raug ntxias los ntawm aconitine, ouabain thiab calcium chloride, muab kev sim rau kev siv saffron hauv kev kho mob arrhythmia. Qhov no muab lub hauv paus muaj peev xwm rau kev txhim kho ntxiv thiab kev tshawb fawb ntawm saffron raws li ib txwm suav tshuaj npaj tawm tsam arrhythmia thiab myocardial ischemia, qhia tias saffron tuaj yeem raug hu ua hom tshiab ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv-kev saib xyuas tshuaj suav tshuaj rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob plawv thiab paj hlwb.

8). Tswj kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Saffron extract muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev txhawb nqa cov ntshav ncig thiab tshem tawm cov ntshav stasis, tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab tom qab ntawd ua kom lub cev muaj zog thiab ua kom cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog, yog li txhim kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, tswj lub cev qi thiab ntshav txav, thiab sib npaug. tib neeg lub cev. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm yin thiab yang.

9). Tiv thaiv thiab kho atherosclerosis. Saffron extract muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tswj cov ntshav lipids, txo cov ntshav siab thiab yog li tiv thaiv thiab kho atherosclerosis.

10). Kev tiv thaiv Retinal: New Zealand dawb luav tau siv los ua tus qauv tsiaj ntawm kev kub siab intraocular. Ib koob tshuaj ntawm saffron extract tau txhaj los ntawm pob ntseg hlab ntsha ib zaug ib hnub, thiab tsim muaj pab pawg tswj kev kub siab. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias tus naj npawb ntawm cov hlwb hauv cov qog hlwb hauv cov pab pawg kho mob tau ntau dua li cov hauv pawg tswj kev kub siab (P<0.05), qhia tias saffron extract tau txhim kho cov ntshav retina thiab thaiv cov teebmeem ntawm ischemia thiab hypoxia ntawm retinal. ganglion hlwb nyob rau hauv mob siab intraocular siab tej yam kev mob (RGC) puas thiab tiv thaiv RGC. Nws tau pom zoo tias saffron extract tuaj yeem tiv thaiv RGCs los ntawm kev txo cov dawb radicals hauv retina thiab thaiv cov dawb radical puas rau daim nyias nyias, subcellular organelles thiab nuclei ntawm RGCs. 11. Lwm yam teebmeem Saffron ethanol extract (CSE) tuaj yeem tiv thaiv ethanol-induced inhibition of long-term potentiation (LPT) hauv hippocampus. Hauv cov serrated gyrus ntawm cov tshuaj loog nas, CSE (250 mg·kg-1) kuj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv LPT inhibition los ntawm acetaldehyde yam tsis cuam tshuam rau kev kawm ntawm cov nas. Cov dej extract ntawm saffron tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev ua me nyuam toxicity uas tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob xws li cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, mitomycin C thiab urethan, thaum inhibiting qhov loj ntawm cov nyhuv tsis cuam tshuam nrog cov koob tshuaj. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim saffron extract txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua me nyuam toxicity ntawm daim siab glutathione S-transferase (GST). Ntuj, tsw thiab ua tau zoo: qab zib, nruab nrab thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom. Nkag mus rau lub plawv thiab lub siab meridians. Txhawb cov ntshav ncig thiab tshem tawm cov ntshav stasis, dispersing kev nyuaj siab thiab qhib pob qhov rooj. Nws tuaj yeem siv los kho kev nyuaj siab, hauv siab thiab diaphragm nruj, ntuav ntshav, typhoid fever, ntshai thiab trance, amenorrhea rau cov poj niam, tom qab yug me nyuam cov ntshav stasis thiab mob plab, thiab o thiab mob los ntawm ntog.

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