Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm saffron Extract: Ib qho kev daws teeb meem rau kev poob phaus thiab lub siab zoo

1.Hais txog Saffron extract

Cov khoom yog muab rho tawm los ntawm sab sauv ntawm cov style thiab stigma ntawm Crocus sativus L., ib tug iris cog. Cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb muaj xws li picrocrocin, carotene compounds, safflower aldehyde, eucalyptol, pinene thiab lwm yam tshuaj, thiab kuj muaj ib tug me me ntawm Isorhamnetin, kaempferol, vitamin B1 thiab vitamin B2, thiab lwm yam. Saffron extract yog ib tug haib scavenger ntawm hydroxyl dawb radicals thiab superoxide. dawb radicals. Nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv oxidation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, txhim kho mitochondrial muaj nuj nqi, inhibit optic paj hlwb apoptosis, txhim kho microcirculation, txhim kho kev tiv thaiv, tiv thaiv arteriosclerosis, thiab tiv thaiv oxidation. Nws muaj cov haujlwm ntawm kev txo qis cov ntshav lipids, txhawb choleretics thiab tiv thaiv daim siab, tiv thaiv thiab kho pob txha, thiab tiv thaiv raum.

Qhov chaw cog

 

2. Nroj tsuag keeb kwm

Cov hauv paus ntsiab lus] Nws yog ib feem ntawm cov style thiab stigma ntawm iris cog Crocus sativus L.

【Alias】 Crocus, saffron.

[Kev Faib Tawm] Muaj me ntsis kev sim cog qoob loo hauv Beijing, Shanghai, Shandong, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Xinjiang, thiab lwm yam hauv Suav teb, thiab nws tau cog rau txawv teb chaws hauv Spain, Iran, Ltalis, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Fabkis, Tim Nkij teb chaws, Austria, lub tebchaws Soviet yav dhau los thiab Nyiv.

【Daim Ntawv Cog Qoob Loo】Cov tshuaj ntsuab uas muaj hnub nyoog ntau xyoo. Cov noob hauv av yog cov kheej kheej thiab npog nrog cov nplooj xim av uas muaj cov nplai membranous. Muaj 9 txog 15 nplooj, loj hlob los ntawm cov noob, tsis muaj ceg, nqaim thiab ncaj, ntev 15 txog 20 cm thiab dav 2 txog 3 cm. Cov npoo ntawm nplooj yog rov qab thiab muaj plaub me me, thiab lub hauv paus yog ib puag ncig los ntawm 4 txog 5 nplai dav. . Paj kawg, 2.5-3 cm hauv txoj kab uas hla; perianth 6-daim, obovate, lavender, paj raj ntev 4-6 cm, nyias raj-zoo li, 3 stamens, anthers loj, lub hauv paus zoo li xub, 3 pistils, connate carpels, lub ovary qis dua, tus qauv yog slender, daj, sab saum toj muaj peb lub lobes tob, nthuav tawm ntawm lub raj paj, drooping, liab tsaus, sab saum toj ntawm stigma yog me ntsis loj dua, nrog qhov qhib hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub funnel. Lub capsule yog elongated, nrog peb blunt ntug, txog 3 cm ntev thiab 1.5 cm dav. Nws mus txog hauv av thaum cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj hlob. Cov noob muaj ntau, kheej kheej, thiab lub tsho noob muaj qauv. Lub sijhawm paj txij thaum ntxov mus txog nruab nrab lub Kaum Ib Hlis.

3.Tshuaj Kex

1). Cov roj volatile Cov roj volatile hauv lub pistil (stigma) ntawm saffron corolla yog tsim los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm carotenes xws li zeaxanthin thiab muaj cov qauv tshwj xeeb. Nws yog feem ntau safranal hauv trimethylcycloethylene derivatives, suav txog 50% ntawm tag nrho cov roj volatile. 72%, nws yog cov khoom degradation ntawm crocin, thiab kuj yog ib qho ntawm cov ntsuas kev tswj hwm zoo ntawm cov tshuaj suav tshuaj Zangsafflower. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb tau txheeb xyuas 46 cov tshuaj los ntawm saffron volatile roj, suav txog 90.99% ntawm tag nrho cov roj volatile. Ntawm lawv, 5 lub ketone compounds suav txog 6.16%, 5 lub aldehyde compounds suav txog 2.39%, 6 lub cawv compounds suav txog 4.98%, 6 lub acid compounds suav txog 19.77%, 8 lub olefin compounds suav txog 36.42%, thiab olefin oxides 2 lub compounds suav txog 5.74%, 8 lub alkane compounds suav txog 12.5%, 2 lub ester compounds suav txog 0.48%, thiab 4 lwm lub compounds suav txog 2.55%. Ntawm cov roj volatile compounds ntawm saffron, cov uas muaj cov ntsiab lus siab yog olefins thiab olefin oxides, uas yog cov terpenoid compounds. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov uas muaj cov ntsiab lus siab yog cov acid compounds.

2). Flavonoids Cov flavonoids feem ntau muab faib rau hauv perianth ntawm saffron. Cov feem ntau suav nrog vetch glycoside, quercetin-3-p-coumaroylglucoside, kaempferol-3-glucose-6-acetylglucoside thiab Kaempferol-3-glucose-glucoside, delphinidin, trimethyldelphinidin, thiab lwm yam.

3). Cov roj ua ntej uas tsis yaj. Ib feem ntawm cov roj ua ntej uas tsis yaj uas tsim los ntawm ntau txoj kev lwj thaum lub sijhawm ziab thiab khaws cia cov stigmas saffron yog cov glycoside compounds ntawm trimethylcyclohexene derivatives, feem ntau suav nrog crocin thiab lwm yam. Crocein yog cov khoom iab tseem ceeb hauv saffron. Nws tuaj yeem hloov pauv mus ua safranal nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej acidic lossis alkaline lossis nyob rau hauv kev ua ntawm cov enzymes. Qhov no kuj yog qhov laj thawj vim li cas cov ntsiab lus safranal hauv ntau hom sib txawv.

4). Cov polyenes sib txuas thiab lawv cov glycosides Cov polyenes sib txuas thiab lawv cov glycosides yog cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuaj suav tshuaj suav saffron. Nws feem ntau suav nrog ob pawg hauv qab no: (1) Carotenoids thiab lawv cov glycosides Crocetin yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm carotenoids thiab lawv cov glycosides. Xws li cov carotenoid crocetin thiab nws cov glycosides, xws li gentiobioside, glucoside, digentisic acid glycoside, gentioglucoside thiab diglucoside; B-crocetin, C-crocetin, thiab lwm yam. (2) Carotenes feem ntau suav nrog A thiab B-carotene, xws li lycopene thiab zeaxanthin.

5). Lwm qhov tshwj xeeb suav nrog phenols, chitinase, triterpene saponins thiab steroidal saponins.

4 Ibharmacological kev txiav txim

1). Cov nyhuv rau lub tsev menyuam Cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo Saffron muaj cov nyhuv zoo siab rau ob qho tib si lub tsev menyuam cais thiab lub tsev menyuam hauv vivo ntawm nas, guinea npua, luav, dev thiab miv. Lub tsev menyuam cev xeeb tub muaj kev rhiab heev dua; qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov muaj zog ntawm ntau yam safranin extracts yog: decoction > ethanol extract > volatile components > ether extract. Cov nyhuv ntawm kev zoo siab ntawm lub tsev menyuam tuaj yeem raug thaiv ib feem los ntawm ergotamine ethanesulfonate, uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau atropine. Yog li ntawd, nws ntseeg tau tias ib feem ntawm cov nyhuv rau lub tsev menyuam yog qhov cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov myocytes hauv tsev menyuam, thiab ib feem yog cuam tshuam nrog adrenergic receptors.

2). Cov nyhuv rau lub cev ncig ntshav Cov kua txiv qaub ntsuab tuaj yeem txo cov ntshav siab ntawm cov dev thiab miv uas tau siv tshuaj loog ntev thiab muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev ua pa. Thaum txo cov ntshav siab, qhov ntim ntawm lub raum txo qis, qhia txog kev nqaim ntawm lub raum, thiab kuj muaj cov nyhuv nqaim rau cov hlab ntsha qav. Nws muaj cov nyhuv tseem ceeb rau lub plawv qav cais. Raws li kev tshuaj xyuas tshuaj lom neeg, cov khoom uas tiv thaiv lub plawv muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov ntsev potassium. Yog li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb txog tshuaj saffron yav tom ntej yuav tsum tshem tawm cov ntsev potassium ua ntej.

3). Cov nyhuv tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav Cov tshuaj Saffron muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav thiab tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog saffron extract (dimethylcrocetin) ntawm leukemia, mob qog noj ntshav ntawm zes qe menyuam, mob qog noj ntshav hauv plab hnyuv, rhabdomyosarcoma, mob qog noj ntshav hauv plab hnyuv, papillosarcoma, thiab mob qog noj ntshav hauv plab hnyuv thiab cov nqaij mos mos sarcoma, thiab lwm yam. Txhua yam muaj cov teebmeem inhibitory muaj zog. Nws cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav yuav yog rhuav tshem DNA synthase system, uas yog, rhuav tshem DNA-protein contact mediators xws li topoisomerase II uas tseem ceeb rau cellular DNA synthesis, yog li inhibiting synthesis ntawm DNA thiab RNA, yog li inhibiting kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog noj ntshav. nyhuv. Tsis tas li ntawd, crocins kuj inhibit qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cellular protein kinases thiab kev qhia ntawm proto-oncogenes.

4). Cov nyhuv rau daim siab thiab lub zais zis Saffron extract muaj cov nyhuv choleretic, thiab nws cov khoom xyaw nquag yog α-crocetin sodium ntsev thiab crocetin ester. α-Saffron acid tuaj yeem txo cov roj cholesterol thiab ua rau cov rog metabolism. Nws tuaj yeem siv nrog cov tshuaj suav Suav ib txwm xws li hawthorn, cassia, thiab Alisma los kho cov rog siab.

5). Cov nyhuv antioxidant Saffron extract, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog crocin, tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov haujlwm ntawm cov pa oxygen dawb radicals thiab xanthine oxidase, qhia txog kev ua haujlwm antioxidant biological.

6). Tiv thaiv lub raum. Los ntawm kev kawm tus nas C-BSA nephritis qauv, nws tau pom tias proteinuria thiab kev puas tsuaj rau lub raum tau txo qis hauv cov nas hauv pawg sim. Ntawm lawv, saffron feem ntau inhibits cyclooxygenase thiab txo qhov kev tsim cov prostaglandins, yog li ntawd unblocking lub raum capillaries, nce ntshav ntws, thiab txhawb kev kho qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm inflammatory. Nws tau hais tias saffron tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev mob raum los ntawm kev txhim kho kev tso tawm ntawm platelets thiab inflammatory mediators.

7). Kev cuam tshuam rau kev mob plawv dhia tsis xwm yeem Crocemic acid, cov khoom xyaw nquag hauv cov kua txiv qaub ntsuab, muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov qauv ventricular arrhythmia uas tshwm sim los ntawm aconitine, ouabain thiab calcium chloride, muab kev sim rau kev siv saffron hauv kev kho mob arrhythmia. Qhov no muab lub hauv paus rau kev txhim kho ntxiv thiab kev tshawb fawb txog saffron ua cov tshuaj suav ib txwm muaj tiv thaiv arrhythmia thiab myocardial ischemia, qhia tias saffron yuav raug hu ua hom tshuaj suav ib txwm tshiab rau kev tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob plawv thiab cerebrovascular.

8). Tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov tshuaj ntsuab Saffron muaj cov teebmeem pom tseeb ntawm kev txhawb nqa kev ncig ntshav thiab tshem tawm cov ntshav stasis, antibacterial thiab anti-inflammatory, thiab tom qab ntawd ua rau lub cev muaj zog thiab ua rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlwb tiv thaiv kab mob ntau ntxiv, yog li txhim kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, tswj lub cev qi thiab cov ntshav txav mus los, thiab sib npaug lub cev tib neeg. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm yin thiab yang.

9). Tiv thaiv thiab kho cov kab mob atherosclerosis. Cov tshuaj ntsuab Saffron muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tswj cov lipids hauv cov ntshav, txo cov ntshav siab thiab yog li tiv thaiv thiab kho cov kab mob atherosclerosis.

10). Kev tiv thaiv retinal: Cov luav dawb New Zealand tau siv los tsim ib tug tsiaj qauv ntawm siab intraocular siab. Ib tug koob tshuaj ntawm saffron extract tau txhaj los ntawm lub pob ntseg vein ib zaug ib hnub, thiab ib tug high pressure control group tau tsim. Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias tus naj npawb ntawm retinal ganglion cells hauv pawg kho mob yog ntau dua li ntawm cov neeg hauv pawg tswj siab (P <0.05), qhia tias saffron extract tau txhim kho cov ntshav ncig retinal thiab thaiv cov teebmeem ntawm ischemia thiab hypoxia ntawm retinal ganglion cells nyob rau hauv cov mob siab intraocular siab (RGC) kev puas tsuaj thiab tiv thaiv RGC. Nws tau hais tias saffron extract yuav tiv thaiv RGCs los ntawm kev txo cov free radicals hauv retina thiab thaiv cov free radical puas tsuaj rau cov qauv membrane, subcellular organelles thiab nuclei ntawm RGCs. 11. Lwm yam teebmeem Saffron ethanol extract (CSE) tuaj yeem tiv thaiv ethanol-induced inhibition ntawm long-term potentiation (LPT) hauv hippocampus. Hauv cov serrated gyrus ntawm cov nas uas tau siv tshuaj loog, CSE (250 mg · kg-1) kuj tseem tuaj yeem tiv thaiv LPT inhibition los ntawm acetaldehyde yam tsis cuam tshuam rau kev kawm ntawm cov nas. Cov dej extract ntawm saffron tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qhov kev lom ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mob qog noj ntshav xws li cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, mitomycin C thiab urethan, thaum inhibiting Qhov loj ntawm cov nyhuv tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog koob tshuaj. Qhov no yog vim tias saffron extract txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev lom ntawm cov menyuam yaus rau daim siab glutathione S-transferase (GST). Xwm, saj thiab kev ua tau zoo: qab zib, nruab nrab thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom. Nkag mus rau hauv lub plawv thiab daim siab meridians. Txhawb kev ncig ntshav thiab tshem tawm cov ntshav stasis, dispersing kev nyuaj siab thiab qhib pob caus. Nws tuaj yeem siv los kho kev nyuaj siab, lub hauv siab thiab diaphragm nruj, ntuav ntshav, mob typhoid, ntshai thiab trance, amenorrhea rau cov poj niam, ntshav stasis tom qab yug me nyuam thiab mob plab, thiab o thiab mob los ntawm kev poob.

              

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